What Does a Home Inspection Company Look for During an Inspection?

When buying a home, it’s essential to understand what you’re investing in—and that’s where a thorough home inspection comes in. A home inspection evaluates the property’s condition to identify issues that may require repairs or maintenance. Typically, an inspection company examines various structural, mechanical, and safety aspects, ensuring buyers are aware of any potential concerns. Here’s a breakdown of what a home inspection company looks for during an inspection.

1. Exterior of the House

The inspection often starts outside, where the inspector checks the exterior features of the house, such as:

Foundation

Inspectors examine the foundation for cracks, uneven areas, or signs of settling that could indicate structural issues. They look for signs like sagging or bulging walls, large cracks, or other indicators of potential foundation problems.

Roofing

The inspector will evaluate the roof’s condition, checking for loose, missing, or damaged shingles, proper flashing around chimneys and vents, and the condition of any gutters and downspouts. They’ll also inspect for signs of water pooling, which can indicate drainage problems.

Siding and Exterior Walls

Inspectors check for any cracks, rot, or signs of moisture damage on the siding or exterior walls. They’ll also assess if there are any gaps or missing insulation, which could impact energy efficiency.

Windows and Doors

Windows and doors are inspected for structural integrity, proper sealing, and any signs of water damage, drafts, or operational issues. Damaged or improperly sealed windows can lead to energy loss and water infiltration.

Driveways, Walkways, and Patios

An inspection includes evaluating driveways, walkways, and patios for cracks, uneven surfaces, or any tripping hazards. Inspectors also check retaining walls and fences for stability.

2. Roofing and Attic

The roofing and attic areas are crucial for identifying structural integrity, insulation efficiency, and possible water intrusion points:

Roofing Materials and Condition

Inspectors thoroughly examine the roofing material for signs of aging, wear, or damage. They assess whether the materials are nearing the end of their lifespan and require replacement.

Flashing and Drainage Systems

Inspectors check the flashing around chimneys, vents, and skylights to ensure it’s intact. Improper flashing can lead to leaks and water damage. They also verify that the drainage system, including gutters and downspouts, directs water away from the foundation.

Attic Insulation and Ventilation

A properly insulated and ventilated attic is essential for maintaining energy efficiency and preventing moisture buildup. Inspectors assess the type and depth of insulation and check for signs of mold, mildew, or inadequate airflow.

3. Structural Components

A strong structure is essential for any home. Inspectors check several areas to ensure the home is stable and free from potential hazards:

Walls, Ceilings, and Floors

Inspectors examine interior walls, ceilings, and floors for cracks, water stains, or any signs of structural weakness. Uneven floors or cracks in walls could indicate foundation issues or settling.

Beams and Support Structures

They also check beams, columns, and other support structures for signs of rot, damage, or insect infestation, which could compromise the home’s structural integrity.

Basement and Crawl Spaces

In homes with basements or crawl spaces, inspectors look for moisture, mold, and proper insulation. They assess the condition of support beams, posts, and floor joists, checking for signs of damage or decay.

4. Electrical Systems

A safe and functional electrical system is crucial. Inspectors look for the following:

Electrical Panel

Inspectors check the electrical panel for proper labeling, grounding, and circuit capacity. They also inspect for any signs of outdated wiring or improper modifications.

Wiring and Outlets

Wiring throughout the home is checked for age, damage, or any signs of wear. Inspectors verify that all outlets are grounded and functioning correctly and test GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets near water sources like kitchens and bathrooms.

Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors

Properly functioning detectors are essential for home safety. Inspectors check that smoke and carbon monoxide detectors are installed in the correct locations and working properly.

5. Plumbing Systems

An effective plumbing system is essential for a comfortable home. Inspectors focus on several components:

Water Supply and Drainage

Inspectors check the main water supply line, drainage pipes, and sewer lines to ensure there are no leaks or blockages. They also check for signs of corrosion, leaks, or damage to pipes.

Water Heater

The water heater is inspected for proper installation, functionality, and signs of wear or rust. Inspectors verify that the temperature and pressure relief valve is working correctly and that there are no leaks.

Fixtures and Faucets

All faucets, showers, and toilets are inspected for proper water pressure, leaks, and overall functionality. The inspector ensures there are no dripping faucets or toilets that keep running.

6. HVAC Systems (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)

HVAC systems contribute to indoor comfort, so inspectors examine:

Furnace and Heating Systems

Inspectors check the furnace and heating components for proper function, cleanliness, and signs of wear. They assess the age of the furnace and may recommend a replacement if it’s nearing the end of its life expectancy.

Air Conditioning Systems

The air conditioning unit is evaluated for functionality, proper refrigerant levels, and potential leaks. Inspectors also examine the AC’s age, as older systems may require replacement.

Ductwork and Ventilation

Inspectors examine the ductwork for leaks, proper insulation, and cleanliness. They also check for any obstructions in ventilation systems that could impact indoor air quality.

7. Interior Elements

Interior elements, including walls, floors, and ceilings, are inspected for aesthetic and safety reasons:

Doors and Windows

Interior doors and windows are inspected for functionality, ease of opening, and proper sealing. Any signs of drafts or difficulty in operation are noted.

Walls, Ceilings, and Floors

Inspectors check these areas for cracks, stains, or signs of damage. Water stains, for instance, may indicate hidden leaks or moisture problems.

Stairways and Railings

Stairways and railings are assessed for stability and safety, ensuring they meet standard height and spacing requirements.

8. Insulation and Ventilation

Proper insulation and ventilation maintain indoor comfort and energy efficiency:

Wall and Attic Insulation

Inspectors check that walls and attics are properly insulated, which helps regulate indoor temperatures and reduces energy costs. Insufficient insulation could lead to higher utility bills.

Ventilation Systems

Proper ventilation in kitchens, bathrooms, and laundry rooms prevents excess moisture buildup, which can lead to mold and mildew. Inspectors verify that ventilation systems are functional and correctly installed.

9. Appliances and Other Systems

While built-in appliances are usually part of an inspection, not all inspectors check portable appliances. Common items include:

Kitchen Appliances

Inspectors often examine the stove, oven, dishwasher, and garbage disposal for proper function. They may test these appliances to ensure they work correctly but usually don’t inspect portable devices like microwaves.

Laundry Connections and Appliances

Inspectors check the laundry connections to verify there are no leaks or issues. They may also inspect built-in washers and dryers, though these may not be as thoroughly examined as other systems.

10. Pest and Mold Inspection

Some inspection companies offer pest and mold inspections, which can be crucial for preventing future problems:

Termites and Other Wood-Destroying Insects

Inspectors look for signs of termites, carpenter ants, or other wood-destroying pests that can cause structural damage. They check for mud tubes, damaged wood, or any other indications of infestation.

Mold and Mildew

If moisture is detected, inspectors may examine for mold or mildew, particularly in basements, attics, or bathrooms. Mold inspections might require specialized equipment or sampling.

Assess Residential Properties Effectively With a Home Inspector 

A home inspection is a comprehensive assessment designed to identify any issues that could impact the home's value, safety, or longevity. By examining everything from structural elements to mechanical systems, an inspection company provides homebuyers with a clear picture of the property's current condition and any repairs or maintenance that may be needed. It’s an essential step for anyone investing in a home, helping to ensure peace of mind and protect their investment in the long run.

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